the North; the Southern churches overwhelmingly were without instruments, so there was initially not much discussion. Opposition to instrumental music in the South was solidified under the influence of the Gospel Advocate and David Lipscomb, who among other things reasoned that the non-use of an instrument was “safe” ground. The a cappella practice in turn became part of the identity of the largely Southern Churches of Christ. The Christian Standard under Isaac Errett (1820–1888) tried to plot a
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